Chinese National Costume Culture -- Mongolian Costume Culture

The Mongolian nationality is a nation with ancient traditions.

He has inherited the tradition of nomadic civilization of Asian prairie for thousands of years, and has been influenced more or less by the dress culture of Hun, Xianbei, ROEN, Turkic, Uighur and Khitan.

In the 1206 ad, iron Mu Zhen unified the nomadic tribes of Mongolia plateau by force, and was elected Gen Gi Khan.

Country.

Since then, a regional unity community - Mongolian has emerged on the Mongolia plateau.

The formation of Mongolia nationalities has raised the costumes culture to a new stage of development.

Because of the military victory and the expansion of the territory, the gold and silver treasures and silks and satin of two continents in Eurasia are gathering in the Mongolia area. This objectively provides material materials for the development and changes of Mongolian costumes, and achieves the degree that their daily costumes are set in jewels and piercing with gold.

The great Mongolia and Yuan Dynasty were the norm of the nomadic civilization of thousands of years in the grasslands of Asia, and raised it to the stage of innovation in the height of feudalism.

Therefore, in the field of clothing is no exception, a number of regulations, such as mongkhan in 1252, Kublai Khan in 1275 promulgated decrees.

Among them, the official dress -- the dress rules of the quality sun clothes, all the strict regulations are made from the emperor to the people, on what occasions and on what clothes they wear.

In 1368, the Yuan Dynasty rulers lost the rule of the Central Plains, and Mongolia society entered a turbulent and changeable "Northern Yuan" historical period.

The Beiyuan regime and the Ming government struck a peace and established a fixed commercial relationship with the Central Plains at the same time. During the Altan Khan period, there was an agricultural planting area in tumte and the eastern part. Some Mongolians changed the nomadic way of life. At the same time, the introduction of Buddhism in Tibet and the Mongolian values changed. These two events were embodied in the clothing culture expressing the aesthetic consciousness.

Another major change in the costumes of Mongolia in the late Yuan Dynasty was the formation of tribal costumes, which is related to the "sixty thousand families" administrative system in Mongolia's native land and its relatively stable nomadic way.

In the Qing Dynasty, the Qing government established a new alliance and flag system under the premise of not destroying the nomadic feudalism in Mongolia, and implemented the rule of "divide and rule". It even advocated the dress differences between flag and flag. This undoubtedly promoted Mongolia tribal costumes.

The formation and stereotype of Baltimore, Horqin, Bahrain, kalqin, Wu Zhu Mu Qin, Abaga, Su nit, Chahar, Turmert, Wu Erte, Ordos, Alashan, kalka, and so on.

There are three obvious changes in modern and modern Mongolia costumes.

From the late Ming Dynasty, gradually formed, and to the mid Qing Dynasty, the basic stereotyped farming and pastoral mixed lifestyle became part of Mongolian's means of livelihood.

Traditional robes and big boots are obviously not suitable for agricultural production, so there are new "three phases" costumes, trousers, and shoes that retain the traditional style of Mongolia.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, with the end of the rule of the Qing Dynasty and the decline of the feudal forces in Mongolia, the dress rank tended to die out, and the aristocracy and the costumes of the common people began to merge with each other.

In addition, western industrial civilization penetrated into the Mongolia area. In the 20s of last century, Mongolia intellectuals began to wear suits and shoes.

All ethnic costumes have their own characteristics.

Mongolian costume has a strong prairie style and a basic style suitable for nomadic life.

In terms of its composition, there are hats, gowns, shoulders, sweats, girdle, trousers, trousers, boots, shoes, etc.

These "costumes", because of their status, sex, age, division of work, and seasons, are unique, like flowers on the prairie.

But Mongolia's clothing is also like the flowers on the grasslands, which conforms to the northern climate and takes root in the warm land - the way of life they live on.

Among them, men's clothing tends to be very atmospheric, and women's clothing is beautiful.

In addition, the colorful costumes, Mongolian costumes as a whole are free and generous, but not lack of careful style.

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Mongolian costumes include jewelry, gowns, belts and

And so on.

Men and women, old and young, like to wear robes throughout the year, wear gowns in spring and autumn, wear single robes in summer, wear cotton gowns or fur robes in winter.

Men's robes are generally large and full of bold and bold.

The women's robes are more tightly fitting to show their slender and bodybuilding.

Men's wear is mostly blue and brown, and women wear red, pink, green and sky blue.

The belt is an important part of Mongolian costume. It is made of satin or cotton cloth with a length of four meters.

Mongolian favorite boots are divided into two kinds: leather boots and cloth boots. Mongolia boots have fine workmanship, and boots and other places have exquisite patterns.

Wearing jewelry and wearing cap is the custom of Mongolians.

Agate, jadeite, coral, pearl, silver and other precious materials make Mongolian jewelry rich and luxurious.

But there are different patterns in different regions.

The Mongol nationality was influenced by Manchu people, wearing more robes with wide straight tube to heel, with both sides opening, necklines and cuffs full of coloured flowers. The Mongolian people in Xilin Gol Grassland wore large robes with narrow sleeves and no split ends; the women of Mongolia wore tunic robes; the Ordos women's robes were divided into three parts, the first one was the body clothing, the sleeves were to the wrist, second were the outer garments, the sleeves were long to the elbows, third were no collar skirts, the nails were lined with flashing buttons, while the Mongolian gowns in Qinghai were similar to the Tibetan gowns. Take the women's gowns as an example, Horqin and kalqin regions.

Apart from Qinghai, there is little difference in men's clothing.

In spring and autumn, they wear gowns, wear single robes in summer, wear cotton gowns or fur robes in winter.

Mongolian people usually like to wear cloth and dress, and usually wear silk brocade with brocade at festivals or festivals.

Men's wear is mostly blue and brown, and women wear red, pink, green and sky blue.

The belt is an important part of Mongolian costume. It is made of satin or cotton cloth with a length of four meters.

Men wear belts, knives, flickers, snuff boxes and other accessories.

Mongolian boots are divided into two kinds: leather boots and cloth boots. Mongolia boots have fine workmanship, and boots and other places have exquisite patterns.

Wearing jewelry and wearing cap is the custom of Mongolians.

Regional hats also have local characteristics.

In Inner Mongolia and Qinghai, the hats of the Mongol nationality are high and flat, with white blankets made of leather, decorated with leather outside, or dyed purple green with felt, which is thick in summer and thin in summer.

The top of the hat is decorated with tassels, and the hat band is silk. Both men and women can wear it.

Baltit, Mongolia, Hulun Buir, with men's capes and women's caps.

Agate, jadeite, coral, pearl, silver and other precious materials make Mongolian jewelry rich and luxurious.

Men's colors are mostly blue, dark brown, and some are wrapped around silk.

Women often use red and blue headbands to wrap their heads and wear conical hats as men do in winter.

Mongolian men wear gowns and waist. Embroidered lace patterns on women's sleeves and high collar on their sleeves are similar to ethnic groups.

Women like to wear three different length of clothes, the first is a body suit, sleeves to wrist, second coat, sleeves to elbow, third no collar waist shoulder, nail straight row of flashing buttons, especially eye-catching.

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Mongolian people in Yunnan

It can be seen that the tradition of Mongolian in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region has its own characteristics.

The gowns and waist of men in the past, the lace patterns on the sleeves of women, and the high collar of the jacket are similar to those of the northern Mongolians.

However, the Mongolians in Yunnan are still green and black, reflecting the environmental characteristics of the plateau.

There are three linings for women's Jackets: the first is the fitting dress, the sleeves and the wrists; the second is in the middle, the long and the buttocks, but the short sleeves, and the elbows only; the outer garment is a pair of buttonless jacket with no collar, no buttons, short and waist, and a row of silver round buttons in front of the chest.

The three garments are long and short, and the collar and sleeves and sleeves of the collar are embroidered with colorful lace and all kinds of patterns, and the buttons on the chest are glistening, beautiful, and local and national.

The Mongolian clothing of Yunnan is still green and black.

The robes and waist of men sixty years ago are similar to those of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

The lace pattern of women's sleeves and the collar of the jacket are similar to those of the Mongolian people in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

Women's clothing is very distinctive. A coat consists of three interlining. The first is the body clothing, the sleeves and the wrists, the second are in the middle, the length and the buttocks, and the sleeves are only elbows. The outer garment is a clasp cloth shoulder with no collar, no buttons and short waist, and it has a row of silver round buttons.

The collar and sleeves and sleeves of the collar are embroidered with brilliant patterns and lace, and three pieces of clothing are long and short. The round buttons are glittering and beautiful.

A set of women's clothing needs three cloth.

Men are accustomed to wearing a fancy Mongolia knives and cigarette pouches on both sides of the belt.

More and more people are wearing leather belts since modern times.

Mongolian married women do not wear girdle. Therefore, Mongolia calls married women "not to open up", that is, "those who do not wear belts".

The Mongolian people in Xinjiang do not wear many cotton gowns. Most of them wear leather robes in winter. They have two kinds of cloth and no cloth.

The hat has two kinds of "Qi Ke's" boots: leather and felt. According to the Mongolian tradition, men wear an earring on their left ear.